Rheumatic heart diseases are thought to result from an autoimmune response, but the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. As many as 39% of patients with acute rheumatic fever may develop varying degrees of pancarditis with associated valve insufficiency, heart failure , pericarditis, and even death.

Inflammation is common for heart disease and stroke patients and is thought to be a sign or atherogenic response. The various types of Inflammatory Heart Diseases are Myocarditis (disease marked by inflammation of the heart muscle); Kawasaki disease is a rare childhood illness that affects the blood vessels. Pericardial diseases can present clinically as acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. Infective endocarditis is a form of endocarditis. It is an inflammation of the inner tissues of the heart. These are the main inflammatory defects for Babies Heart.

The primary cardiac finding in people with the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is the presence of rhabdomyomas. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a cancer made up of cells that normally develop into cardiac muscles. A cardiac fibroma  (also known as cardiac fibromatosis, fibrous hamartoma, or fibroelastic hamartoma) represents a collection of fibroblasts interspersed among large amounts of collagen. Other types of the cardiac cancer are Osteogenic Sarcomas, Liposarcoma, Lipomas, Mesotheliomas  , Fibroelastic  Papillomas and Papillary Tumors. These are very rare in children’s.

Pharmacologic therapy represents the mainstay of treatment for heart failure in children. The mail category of medicines used for heart disorder are Diuretics, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, Beta Blockers, Cardiac glycosides,   Antiplatelet agent, Prostaglandins inhibitors, Angiotensin receptor blockers etc. Regenerating heart tissue through stem cell therapy is the new technique to cure the heart diseases.

 

After the medical approach or for the severe conditions Cardiac surgery is the option to treat the cardiac diseases. Cardiovascular surgery   is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It also includes heart transplantation. In the Open heart surgery, the chest is cut open and surgery is performed on the muscles, valves, or arteries of the heart. After the certain time the cardiac surgery, monitoring and the evolution is also important. Anesthesiologist’s involvement for the purpose of diagnostic and interventional procedures in cardiac catheterization laboratory has been evolving particularly since last two decades. Sedation and Anesthesia is requiring to unconscious the patient to precede the cardiac surgery. Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) is useful in preventing sudden death in patients with known, sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation.

Heart specialists are help to diagnose the heart diseases based on the medical and family histories, risk factors, a physical exam, and the results from tests and procedures as Echocardiography, Pediatric angiocardiography, Cardiac Sonography, Electrophysiology test, Heart MRI, Endothelial Function Evaluation and Pediatric Nuclear Cardiology  etc. after the diagnosis only patient risk factor will determine and treatment will start. Pediatric Nuclear cardiology studies use noninvasive techniques to assess myocardial blood flow, evaluate the pumping function of the heart as well as visualize the size and location of a heart attack.

To see the drug effects on heart, clinical trials are used. With the help of cardiac research lab, researcher will get to know about Physiology, Genetics, and Computational Biology of Heart etc. Because of long term Malnutrition also cardiac disorder will develop in body and about the sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the unexpected death caused by loss of heart function or cardiac stroke. With the international Pediatric Cardiologists & Surgeons Meetings or events we will get to know about the new researches and development in this field.