Pediatrics and Pediatric Cardiology

pulmonary hypertension

The pulmonary and systemic circulations are linked, and all blood passing through one must also pass through the other. Blood normally flows at low pressure in the pulmonary circulation and receives the entire output of the right ventricle. Pressure in the pulmonary artery rises in pulmonary hypertension, which can lead to right-sided heart failure, putting strain on the right ventricle. Because the two ventricles work in series, blood flow from the left ventricle is identical to that from the right ventricle. The left ventricle's output is distributed at higher pressure via parallel organ systems.

One-way valves between the atria and the ventricles, between the ventricles and their receiving arteries, and within the systemic veins ensure that blood flows in one direction around the circulation.